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php实现选课

2026-02-28 16:57:02PHP

实现选课系统的关键步骤

数据库设计 创建学生表（students）、课程表（courses）和选课关系表（student_courses）。学生表存储学生信息，课程表存储课程信息，选课关系表记录学生与课程的关联。

CREATE TABLE students (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    email VARCHAR(100)
);

CREATE TABLE courses (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    credit INT
);

CREATE TABLE student_courses (
    student_id INT,
    course_id INT,
    PRIMARY KEY (student_id, course_id),
    FOREIGN KEY (student_id) REFERENCES students(id),
    FOREIGN KEY (course_id) REFERENCES courses(id)
);

连接数据库 使用PDO或MySQLi连接数据库。以下是PDO连接示例：

$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=course_selection';
$username = 'username';
$password = 'password';

try {
    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password);
    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage());
}

选课功能实现 创建选课表单和处理逻辑。表单显示可选课程列表，提交后处理选课请求。

// 显示可选课程
$stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT * FROM courses");
$courses = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

// 处理选课提交
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST' && isset($_POST['course_id'])) {
    $studentId = $_SESSION['student_id']; // 假设学生已登录
    $courseId = $_POST['course_id'];

    try {
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO student_courses (student_id, course_id) VALUES (?, ?)");
        $stmt->execute([$studentId, $courseId]);
        echo "选课成功";
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        echo "选课失败: " . $e->getMessage();
    }
}

选课记录查询 查询学生已选课程，展示选课结果。

$studentId = $_SESSION['student_id'];
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("
    SELECT c.* 
    FROM courses c
    JOIN student_courses sc ON c.id = sc.course_id
    WHERE sc.student_id = ?
");
$stmt->execute([$studentId]);
$selectedCourses = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

退课功能实现 添加退课选项，允许学生取消已选课程。

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST' && isset($_POST['drop_course_id'])) {
    $studentId = $_SESSION['student_id'];
    $courseId = $_POST['drop_course_id'];

    try {
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM student_courses WHERE student_id = ? AND course_id = ?");
        $stmt->execute([$studentId, $courseId]);
        echo "退课成功";
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        echo "退课失败: " . $e->getMessage();
    }
}