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php实现短链接

2026-02-16 07:51:42PHP

PHP实现短链接的方法

短链接是将长URL转换为短字符串的技术，常用于节省字符空间或美化链接。以下是几种常见的PHP实现方法：

使用哈希算法生成短码

通过MD5或CRC32等哈希算法将长URL转换为固定长度的字符串，截取部分字符作为短码：

function generateShortCode($url) {
    $hash = md5($url);
    return substr($hash, 0, 6); // 取前6位
}

$shortCode = generateShortCode('https://example.com/long/url');

自增ID转短码

使用数据库自增ID，通过进制转换生成短码：

function idToShortCode($id) {
    $chars = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
    $code = '';
    while ($id > 0) {
        $code = $chars[$id % 62] . $code;
        $id = floor($id / 62);
    }
    return $code;
}

使用第三方API

调用短链接服务API（如Bitly、TinyURL）：

function shortenWithBitly($url) {
    $apiKey = 'YOUR_API_KEY';
    $apiUrl = 'https://api-ssl.bitly.com/v4/shorten';
    $data = ['long_url' => $url];

    $ch = curl_init($apiUrl);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, [
        'Authorization: Bearer ' . $apiKey,
        'Content-Type: application/json'
    ]);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($data));
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
    $response = curl_exec($ch);
    curl_close($ch);

    return json_decode($response)->link;
}

数据库存储方案

创建数据库表存储原始URL和短码的映射关系：

CREATE TABLE short_urls (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    original_url VARCHAR(2048) NOT NULL,
    short_code VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    UNIQUE (short_code)
);

完整实现示例

// 生成短码并存储
function createShortUrl($originalUrl) {
    $shortCode = generateShortCode($originalUrl);

    // 检查短码是否已存在
    $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=your_db', 'user', 'pass');
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO short_urls (original_url, short_code) VALUES (?, ?)');
    $stmt->execute([$originalUrl, $shortCode]);

    return 'https://yourdomain.com/' . $shortCode;
}

// 重定向短链接
if (isset($_GET['code'])) {
    $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=your_db', 'user', 'pass');
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT original_url FROM short_urls WHERE short_code = ?');
    $stmt->execute([$_GET['code']]);
    $url = $stmt->fetchColumn();

    if ($url) {
        header("Location: $url");
        exit;
    } else {
        header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
    }
}