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php实现搜索

2026-01-13 13:23:39PHP

PHP实现搜索功能的方法

在PHP中实现搜索功能通常涉及数据库查询和用户输入的匹配。以下是几种常见的实现方式：

使用MySQL LIKE语句

通过简单的LIKE语句实现基础搜索：

$searchTerm = $_GET['search'] ?? '';
$query = "SELECT * FROM products WHERE name LIKE '%$searchTerm%'";
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);

预处理语句防止SQL注入

使用预处理语句更安全：

$stmt = $connection->prepare("SELECT * FROM articles WHERE title LIKE ?");
$searchTerm = "%{$_GET['search']}%";
$stmt->bind_param("s", $searchTerm);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();

多字段搜索

同时搜索多个字段：

$search = $_GET['search'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM users 
          WHERE first_name LIKE '%$search%' 
          OR last_name LIKE '%$search%' 
          OR email LIKE '%$search%'";

全文索引搜索

对于更高效的搜索，可以使用MySQL的全文索引：

$query = "SELECT * FROM documents 
          WHERE MATCH(title, content) AGAINST('$searchTerm' IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE)";

分页实现

结合分页的搜索功能：

$perPage = 10;
$page = $_GET['page'] ?? 1;
$offset = ($page - 1) * $perPage;

$query = "SELECT * FROM products 
          WHERE name LIKE '%$searchTerm%' 
          LIMIT $perPage OFFSET $offset";

高级搜索功能

实现带有筛选条件的高级搜索：

$category = $_GET['category'] ?? '';
$minPrice = $_GET['min_price'] ?? 0;

$query = "SELECT * FROM products 
          WHERE name LIKE '%$searchTerm%' 
          AND category = '$category' 
          AND price >= $minPrice";

使用AJAX实现实时搜索

结合JavaScript实现实时搜索：

// search.php
$results = [];
if(isset($_GET['q'])) {
    $query = $connection->prepare("SELECT id, name FROM products WHERE name LIKE ? LIMIT 5");
    $searchTerm = "%{$_GET['q']}%";
    $query->bind_param("s", $searchTerm);
    $query->execute();
    $results = $query->get_result()->fetch_all(MYSQLI_ASSOC);
}
echo json_encode($results);

搜索结果高亮显示

在显示结果时高亮匹配部分：

function highlight($text, $words) {
    preg_match_all('~\w+~', $words, $m);
    $re = '~\\b(' . implode('|', $m[0]) . ')\\b~i';
    return preg_replace($re, '<span class="highlight">$0</span>', $text);
}

echo highlight($row['content'], $_GET['search']);