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php实现借书

2026-02-14 23:48:13PHP

PHP实现借书功能

要实现借书功能，需要构建一个包含用户管理、图书管理和借阅记录的数据库系统。以下是实现借书功能的关键步骤和代码示例。

数据库设计

创建三个基本表：users（用户）、books（图书）和borrow_records（借阅记录）。

CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE books (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    author VARCHAR(100),
    is_available BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE
);

CREATE TABLE borrow_records (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    user_id INT,
    book_id INT,
    borrow_date DATE,
    return_date DATE,
    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id),
    FOREIGN KEY (book_id) REFERENCES books(id)
);

连接数据库

使用PDO连接MySQL数据库。

$host = 'localhost';
$db   = 'library';
$user = 'root';
$pass = '';
$charset = 'utf8mb4';

$dsn = "mysql:host=$host;dbname=$db;charset=$charset";
$options = [
    PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE            => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
    PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
    PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES   => false,
];

try {
    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass, $options);
} catch (\PDOException $e) {
    throw new \PDOException($e->getMessage(), (int)$e->getCode());
}

借书功能实现

创建借书函数，检查图书是否可用并更新相关表。

function borrowBook($pdo, $userId, $bookId) {
    // 检查图书是否可用
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT is_available FROM books WHERE id = ?");
    $stmt->execute([$bookId]);
    $book = $stmt->fetch();

    if (!$book || !$book['is_available']) {
        return false;
    }

    // 开始事务
    $pdo->beginTransaction();

    try {
        // 更新图书状态
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("UPDATE books SET is_available = FALSE WHERE id = ?");
        $stmt->execute([$bookId]);

        // 创建借阅记录
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO borrow_records (user_id, book_id, borrow_date) VALUES (?, ?, CURDATE())");
        $stmt->execute([$userId, $bookId]);

        $pdo->commit();
        return true;
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        $pdo->rollBack();
        return false;
    }
}

还书功能实现

创建还书函数，更新图书状态和借阅记录。

function returnBook($pdo, $recordId) {
    // 获取借阅记录
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT book_id FROM borrow_records WHERE id = ? AND return_date IS NULL");
    $stmt->execute([$recordId]);
    $record = $stmt->fetch();

    if (!$record) {
        return false;
    }

    // 开始事务
    $pdo->beginTransaction();

    try {
        // 更新图书状态
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("UPDATE books SET is_available = TRUE WHERE id = ?");
        $stmt->execute([$record['book_id']]);

        // 更新借阅记录
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("UPDATE borrow_records SET return_date = CURDATE() WHERE id = ?");
        $stmt->execute([$recordId]);

        $pdo->commit();
        return true;
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        $pdo->rollBack();
        return false;
    }
}

前端表单示例

创建简单的HTML表单供用户借书。

<form action="borrow.php" method="post">
    <label for="user_id">用户ID:</label>
    <input type="number" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>

    <label for="book_id">图书ID:</label>
    <input type="number" id="book_id" name="book_id" required>

    <button type="submit">借书</button>
</form>

处理借书请求

创建borrow.php处理借书请求。

require 'db_connection.php';

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
    $userId = $_POST['user_id'];
    $bookId = $_POST['book_id'];

    if (borrowBook($pdo, $userId, $bookId)) {
        echo "借书成功！";
    } else {
        echo "借书失败，图书可能已被借出或不存在。";
    }
}