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php网关实现

2026-02-14 19:01:41PHP

PHP 网关实现方法

使用 PHP 内置函数实现简单网关

通过 PHP 的 file_get_contents 或 cURL 扩展可以实现基础网关功能，将请求转发到后端服务并返回响应。

<?php
$targetUrl = 'http://backend-service/api';
$requestData = file_get_contents('php://input');
$headers = getallheaders();

$options = [
    'http' => [
        'header'  => implode("\r\n", array_map(
            function ($v, $k) { return "$k: $v"; },
            $headers,
            array_keys($headers)
        )),
        'method'  => $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'],
        'content' => $requestData
    ]
];

$context = stream_context_create($options);
$response = file_get_contents($targetUrl, false, $context);

header('Content-Type: application/json');
echo $response;
?>

使用 cURL 实现更灵活的网关

cURL 提供更多控制选项，适合处理复杂的网关需求：

<?php
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://backend-service/api');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, file_get_contents('php://input'));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, getallheaders());
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

$response = curl_exec($ch);
$httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);

http_response_code($httpCode);
header('Content-Type: application/json');
echo $response;

curl_close($ch);
?>

实现 API 网关功能

完整的 API 网关通常需要包含路由、认证、限流等功能：

class ApiGateway {
    private $routes = [
        '/users' => 'http://user-service',
        '/products' => 'http://product-service'
    ];

    public function handleRequest() {
        $path = parse_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], PHP_URL_PATH);

        if (!isset($this->routes[$path])) {
            http_response_code(404);
            exit;
        }

        $this->authenticate();
        $this->rateLimit();

        $targetUrl = $this->routes[$path] . $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
        $this->forwardRequest($targetUrl);
    }

    private function forwardRequest($targetUrl) {
        // 实现请求转发逻辑
    }
}

使用 PHP 框架实现网关

现代 PHP 框架如 Laravel 或 Symfony 可以更高效地构建网关：

// Laravel 路由示例
Route::any('/{service}/{endpoint}', function ($service, $endpoint) {
    $validServices = ['users', 'products'];

    if (!in_array($service, $validServices)) {
        abort(404);
    }

    $client = new \GuzzleHttp\Client();
    $response = $client->request(
        Request::method(),
        "http://{$service}-service/{$endpoint}",
        ['headers' => Request::header()]
    );

    return response(
        $response->getBody(),
        $response->getStatusCode(),
        $response->getHeaders()
    );
});