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php实现httprouter

2026-02-14 11:33:10PHP

PHP 实现 HTTP Router

在 PHP 中实现 HTTP Router 可以通过多种方式完成，以下是一些常见的方法：

使用原生 PHP 实现

通过解析 $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] 和 $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] 来实现路由功能：

$requestUri = parse_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], PHP_URL_PATH);
$requestMethod = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];

$routes = [
    'GET' => [
        '/' => 'homeController',
        '/about' => 'aboutController',
    ],
    'POST' => [
        '/contact' => 'contactController',
    ],
];

if (isset($routes[$requestMethod][$requestUri])) {
    call_user_func($routes[$requestMethod][$requestUri]);
} else {
    header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
    echo '404 Not Found';
}

使用 FastRoute 库

FastRoute 是一个流行的 PHP 路由库，性能高效且易于使用：

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

$dispatcher = FastRoute\simpleDispatcher(function(FastRoute\RouteCollector $r) {
    $r->addRoute('GET', '/', 'homeController');
    $r->addRoute('GET', '/about', 'aboutController');
    $r->addRoute('POST', '/contact', 'contactController');
});

$httpMethod = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];
$uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];

if (false !== $pos = strpos($uri, '?')) {
    $uri = substr($uri, 0, $pos);
}
$uri = rawurldecode($uri);

$routeInfo = $dispatcher->dispatch($httpMethod, $uri);
switch ($routeInfo[0]) {
    case FastRoute\Dispatcher::NOT_FOUND:
        header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
        break;
    case FastRoute\Dispatcher::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED:
        header("HTTP/1.0 405 Method Not Allowed");
        break;
    case FastRoute\Dispatcher::FOUND:
        $handler = $routeInfo[1];
        $vars = $routeInfo[2];
        call_user_func($handler, $vars);
        break;
}

使用 Laravel 的路由组件

Laravel 的路由组件可以独立使用，提供更丰富的功能：

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use Illuminate\Container\Container;
use Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Routing\Router;

$container = new Container;
$request = Request::capture();
$container->instance('Illuminate\Http\Request', $request);
$events = new Dispatcher($container);
$router = new Router($events, $container);

$router->get('/', function () {
    return 'Home Page';
});

$router->get('/about', function () {
    return 'About Page';
});

$router->post('/contact', function () {
    return 'Contact Form';
});

$response = $router->dispatch($request);
$response->send();

使用 Symfony 的 Routing 组件

Symfony 也提供了强大的路由功能：

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use Symfony\Component\Routing\Matcher\UrlMatcher;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\RequestContext;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route;

$routes = new RouteCollection();
$routes->add('home', new Route('/', [
    '_controller' => 'homeController',
]));
$routes->add('about', new Route('/about', [
    '_controller' => 'aboutController',
]));
$routes->add('contact', new Route('/contact', [
    '_controller' => 'contactController',
    '_method' => 'POST',
]));

$context = new RequestContext();
$context->fromRequest(Request::createFromGlobals());
$matcher = new UrlMatcher($routes, $context);

try {
    $parameters = $matcher->match($context->getPathInfo());
    call_user_func($parameters['_controller']);
} catch (Exception $e) {
    header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
}

自定义正则路由

对于更复杂的路由需求，可以使用正则表达式：

$requestUri = parse_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], PHP_URL_PATH);
$requestMethod = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];

$routePatterns = [
    'GET' => [
        '#^/$#' => 'homeController',
        '#^/about$#' => 'aboutController',
        '#^/user/(\d+)$#' => 'userController',
    ],
];

foreach ($routePatterns[$requestMethod] as $pattern => $controller) {
    if (preg_match($pattern, $requestUri, $matches)) {
        call_user_func($controller, array_slice($matches, 1));
        exit;
    }
}

header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");

以上方法可以根据项目需求选择适合的实现方式。

php实现httprouter