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js实现线程池

2026-02-02 17:42:53JavaScript

js实现线程池

实现线程池的基本思路

JavaScript本身是单线程的，但可以通过Web Worker实现多线程。线程池的核心是管理多个Worker实例，避免频繁创建销毁的开销。

创建Worker管理类

class WorkerPool {
  constructor(poolSize, workerScript) {
    this.poolSize = poolSize
    this.workerScript = workerScript
    this.workers = []
    this.taskQueue = []
    this.initWorkers()
  }

  initWorkers() {
    for (let i = 0; i < this.poolSize; i++) {
      const worker = new Worker(this.workerScript)
      worker.onmessage = (e) => {
        this.handleWorkerResponse(worker, e.data)
      }
      this.workers.push(worker)
    }
  }
}

任务队列处理

class WorkerPool {
  // ... 其他代码

  enqueueTask(taskData) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      this.taskQueue.push({ taskData, resolve, reject })
      this.processNextTask()
    })
  }

  processNextTask() {
    if (this.taskQueue.length === 0) return

    const availableWorker = this.workers.find(w => !w.busy)
    if (!availableWorker) return

    const nextTask = this.taskQueue.shift()
    availableWorker.busy = true
    availableWorker.currentTask = nextTask
    availableWorker.postMessage(nextTask.taskData)
  }
}

处理Worker响应

class WorkerPool {
  // ... 其他代码

  handleWorkerResponse(worker, response) {
    const { resolve } = worker.currentTask
    worker.busy = false
    worker.currentTask = null
    resolve(response)
    this.processNextTask()
  }
}

终止Worker池

class WorkerPool {
  // ... 其他代码

  terminate() {
    this.workers.forEach(worker => worker.terminate())
    this.workers = []
    this.taskQueue = []
  }
}

使用示例

// worker.js
self.onmessage = function(e) {
  const result = e.data * 2 // 示例计算
  postMessage(result)
}

// main.js
const pool = new WorkerPool(4, 'worker.js')

pool.enqueueTask(10).then(result => {
  console.log(result) // 20
})

// 使用完毕后
// pool.terminate()