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java如何操作kafka

2026-03-25 10:41:53Java

使用Java操作Kafka

添加依赖

在Maven项目中，需添加Kafka客户端依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>

生产者示例

创建生产者发送消息：

import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.*;

import java.util.Properties;

public class KafkaProducerExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092");
        props.put("key.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
        props.put("value.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");

        Producer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<>(props);
        ProducerRecord<String, String> record = new ProducerRecord<>("test-topic", "key", "value");

        producer.send(record, (metadata, exception) -> {
            if (exception == null) {
                System.out.println("Message sent to partition " + metadata.partition() + ", offset " + metadata.offset());
            } else {
                exception.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        producer.close();
    }
}

消费者示例

创建消费者接收消息：

java如何操作kafka

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.*;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Properties;

public class KafkaConsumerExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092");
        props.put("group.id", "test-group");
        props.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        props.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");

        Consumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(props);
        consumer.subscribe(Collections.singletonList("test-topic"));

        while (true) {
            ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(100));
            for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
                System.out.printf("Received message: key=%s, value=%s, partition=%d, offset=%d%n",
                        record.key(), record.value(), record.partition(), record.offset());
            }
        }
    }
}

配置参数说明

bootstrap.servers: Kafka集群地址列表。
key.serializer/deserializer: 键的序列化/反序列化类。
value.serializer/deserializer: 值的序列化/反序列化类。
group.id: 消费者组ID，同一组内的消费者共享消息。

高级功能

事务支持: 通过配置enable.idempotence和transactional.id实现精确一次语义。
分区分配策略: 消费者可通过partition.assignment.strategy配置分配策略（如Range或RoundRobin）。
偏移量管理: 手动提交偏移量需设置enable.auto.commit为false并调用commitSync()或commitAsync()。