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java如何编写xml

2026-03-24 05:38:03Java

使用DOM生成XML

DOM（Document Object Model）是Java内置的XML处理API，适合构建结构化的XML文档。

创建DocumentBuilder实例，通过Document对象添加元素和属性：

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;

DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
Document doc = factory.newDocumentBuilder().newDocument();

Element root = doc.createElement("root");
doc.appendChild(root);

Element child = doc.createElement("child");
child.setAttribute("id", "1");
child.setTextContent("Hello XML");
root.appendChild(child);

// 转换为字符串
TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
transformer.transform(new DOMSource(doc), new StreamResult(writer));
String xmlString = writer.toString();

使用JDOM生成XML

JDOM是简化XML操作的第三方库，需添加依赖（如Maven）：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.jdom</groupId>
    <artifactId>jdom2</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.6</version>
</dependency>

代码示例：

import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.output.Format;
import org.jdom2.output.XMLOutputter;

Element root = new Element("root");
Document doc = new Document(root);

Element child = new Element("child");
child.setAttribute("id", "1");
child.setText("Hello XML");
root.addContent(child);

XMLOutputter outputter = new XMLOutputter(Format.getPrettyFormat());
String xmlString = outputter.outputString(doc);

使用XStream生成XML

XStream支持对象到XML的序列化，需添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
    <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.20</version>
</dependency>

代码示例：

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;

class Person {
    String name = "John";
    int age = 30;
}

XStream xstream = new XStream();
String xml = xstream.toXML(new Person());
// 输出：<Person><name>John</name><age>30</age></Person>

使用StAX生成XML

StAX（Streaming API for XML）适合处理大型XML文件，基于事件驱动：

java如何编写xml

import javax.xml.stream.XMLOutputFactory;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamWriter;

StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
XMLStreamWriter xmlWriter = XMLOutputFactory.newInstance().createXMLStreamWriter(writer);

xmlWriter.writeStartDocument();
xmlWriter.writeStartElement("root");
xmlWriter.writeStartElement("child");
xmlWriter.writeAttribute("id", "1");
xmlWriter.writeCharacters("Hello XML");
xmlWriter.writeEndElement();
xmlWriter.writeEndElement();
xmlWriter.writeEndDocument();

String xmlString = writer.toString();