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php 实现tcc

2026-02-28 11:14:18PHP

php 实现tcc

TCC模式简介

TCC（Try-Confirm-Cancel）是一种分布式事务解决方案，通过业务逻辑拆分实现最终一致性。包含三个阶段：

Try：预留资源，完成业务检查
Confirm：确认执行业务操作
Cancel：取消执行，释放预留资源

PHP实现TCC核心组件

事务管理器

class TccTransactionManager {
    private $transactions = [];

    public function begin($transactionId) {
        $this->transactions[$transactionId] = [
            'status' => 'trying',
            'participants' => []
        ];
    }

    public function registerParticipant($transactionId, $participant) {
        $this->transactions[$transactionId]['participants'][] = $participant;
    }

    public function confirm($transactionId) {
        foreach ($this->transactions[$transactionId]['participants'] as $p) {
            $p->confirm();
        }
        unset($this->transactions[$transactionId]);
    }

    public function cancel($transactionId) {
        foreach ($this->transactions[$transactionId]['participants'] as $p) {
            $p->cancel();
        }
        unset($this->transactions[$transactionId]);
    }
}

参与者接口

interface TccParticipant {
    public function try();
    public function confirm();
    public function cancel();
}

实现示例：订单服务

Try阶段实现

class OrderService implements TccParticipant {
    public function try() {
        // 冻结库存/预创建订单
        $order = Order::create(['status' => 'pending']);
        return ['order_id' => $order->id];
    }

    public function confirm() {
        // 确认订单
        Order::where('status', 'pending')->update(['status' => 'confirmed']);
    }

    public function cancel() {
        // 取消订单
        Order::where('status', 'pending')->delete();
    }
}

事务协调流程

$tm = new TccTransactionManager();
$transactionId = uniqid();

try {
    $tm->begin($transactionId);

    $orderService = new OrderService();
    $tm->registerParticipant($transactionId, $orderService);

    // 执行Try阶段
    $orderService->try();

    // 所有Try成功后执行Confirm
    $tm->confirm($transactionId);
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // 任一Try失败执行Cancel
    $tm->cancel($transactionId);
}

增强实现建议

持久化存储

class DatabaseTransactionStorage {
    public function save($transactionId, $data) {
        DB::table('tcc_transactions')->updateOrInsert(
            ['transaction_id' => $transactionId],
            ['data' => json_encode($data)]
        );
    }
}

定时任务补偿

class TccCompensator {
    public function handleTimeoutTransactions() {
        $expired = DB::table('tcc_transactions')
            ->where('created_at', '<', now()->subMinutes(30))
            ->get();

        foreach ($expired as $tx) {
            $data = json_decode($tx->data, true);
            if ($data['status'] === 'trying') {
                (new TccTransactionManager())->cancel($tx->transaction_id);
            }
        }
    }
}