当前位置：首页 > PHP

php实现搜索

2026-02-27 11:26:52PHP

PHP实现搜索功能的方法

在PHP中实现搜索功能通常涉及数据库查询和用户输入的过滤处理。以下是几种常见的实现方式：

基础MySQL搜索实现

使用MySQL的LIKE操作符进行简单搜索：

$searchTerm = $_GET['search'] ?? '';
$conn = new mysqli('localhost', 'username', 'password', 'database');

$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM products WHERE name LIKE ?");
$searchTerm = "%$searchTerm%";
$stmt->bind_param("s", $searchTerm);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();

while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
    echo $row['name']."<br>";
}

使用全文索引提高效率

对于大型数据集，建议使用MySQL的全文索引：

ALTER TABLE products ADD FULLTEXT(name, description);

PHP查询代码：

$searchTerm = $_GET['search'] ?? '';
$conn = new mysqli('localhost', 'username', 'password', 'database');

$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM products WHERE MATCH(name, description) AGAINST(? IN BOOLEAN MODE)");
$stmt->bind_param("s", $searchTerm);
$stmt->execute();

使用PDO实现更安全的搜索

PDO提供更好的安全性和数据库兼容性：

$searchTerm = '%'.$_GET['search'].'%';
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=database', 'username', 'password');

$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM articles WHERE title LIKE :search OR content LIKE :search");
$stmt->bindParam(':search', $searchTerm, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->execute();

$results = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

实现多条件搜索

处理多个搜索条件的示例：

$conditions = [];
$params = [];

if (!empty($_GET['keyword'])) {
    $conditions[] = "(title LIKE ? OR content LIKE ?)";
    $keyword = '%'.$_GET['keyword'].'%';
    $params[] = $keyword;
    $params[] = $keyword;
}

if (!empty($_GET['category'])) {
    $conditions[] = "category_id = ?";
    $params[] = $_GET['category'];
}

$sql = "SELECT * FROM articles";
if (!empty($conditions)) {
    $sql .= " WHERE ".implode(" AND ", $conditions);
}

$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute($params);

实现分页搜索

添加分页功能的搜索实现：

$perPage = 10;
$page = $_GET['page'] ?? 1;
$offset = ($page - 1) * $perPage;

$sql = "SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS * FROM products WHERE name LIKE ? LIMIT ?, ?";
$stmt = $conn->prepare($sql);
$searchTerm = "%{$_GET['search']}%";
$stmt->bind_param("sii", $searchTerm, $offset, $perPage);
$stmt->execute();

$result = $stmt->get_result();
$total = $conn->query("SELECT FOUND_ROWS()")->fetch_row()[0];
$totalPages = ceil($total / $perPage);

使用Elasticsearch实现高级搜索

对于更复杂的搜索需求，可以集成Elasticsearch：

require 'vendor/autoload.php';
$client = Elastic\Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->build();

$params = [
    'index' => 'products',
    'body'  => [
        'query' => [
            'multi_match' => [
                'query' => $_GET['search'],
                'fields' => ['name^3', 'description']
            ]
        ]
    ]
];

$response = $client->search($params);
$hits = $response['hits']['hits'];

前端搜索建议实现

使用AJAX实现实时搜索建议：

// 前端JavaScript代码
document.getElementById('search').addEventListener('input', function() {
    fetch('search_suggest.php?q=' + encodeURIComponent(this.value))
        .then(response => response.json())
        .then(data => {
            // 显示搜索建议
        });
});

对应的PHP处理脚本：

header('Content-Type: application/json');
$term = $_GET['q'] ?? '';
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT id, name FROM products WHERE name LIKE ? LIMIT 5");
$term = "%$term%";
$stmt->execute([$term]);
echo json_encode($stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC));