php实现算法编程
PHP实现算法编程基础
PHP作为服务器端脚本语言,虽然不如Python或Java常用于算法竞赛,但完全能实现各类算法。以下是关键实现方法和示例:
变量与数据类型
PHP是弱类型语言,变量以$开头:
$intVar = 42;
$floatVar = 3.14;
$strVar = "Algorithm";
数组操作 PHP数组兼具列表和字典功能:
$arr = [1, 2, 3];
$map = ["key1" => "value1", "key2" => "value2"];
常见算法实现
排序算法示例 冒泡排序实现:
function bubbleSort($array) {
$n = count($array);
for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
for ($j = 0; $j < $n - $i - 1; $j++) {
if ($array[$j] > $array[$j+1]) {
$temp = $array[$j];
$array[$j] = $array[$j+1];
$array[$j+1] = $temp;
}
}
}
return $array;
}
搜索算法示例 二分查找实现:

function binarySearch($array, $target) {
$low = 0;
$high = count($array) - 1;
while ($low <= $high) {
$mid = floor(($low + $high) / 2);
if ($array[$mid] == $target) {
return $mid;
}
if ($array[$mid] < $target) {
$low = $mid + 1;
} else {
$high = $mid - 1;
}
}
return -1;
}
数据结构实现
链表节点
class ListNode {
public $val;
public $next;
public function __construct($val = 0, $next = null) {
$this->val = $val;
$this->next = $next;
}
}
二叉树节点
class TreeNode {
public $val;
public $left;
public $right;
public function __construct($val = 0, $left = null, $right = null) {
$this->val = $val;
$this->left = $left;
$this->right = $right;
}
}
算法优化技巧
记忆化递归 斐波那契数列优化示例:

function fib($n, &$memo = []) {
if ($n <= 1) return $n;
if (!isset($memo[$n])) {
$memo[$n] = fib($n - 1, $memo) + fib($n - 2, $memo);
}
return $memo[$n];
}
空间优化 斐波那契迭代版:
function fibIterative($n) {
if ($n <= 1) return $n;
$a = 0; $b = 1;
for ($i = 2; $i <= $n; $i++) {
$c = $a + $b;
$a = $b;
$b = $c;
}
return $b;
}
实用算法库
PHP标准库提供部分算法相关函数:
- 数组排序:
sort(),asort(),ksort() - 数学运算:
max(),min(),array_sum() - 随机数:
rand(),mt_rand()
性能测试方法
使用microtime测量执行时间:
$start = microtime(true);
// 执行算法
$end = microtime(true);
$time = $end - $start;
echo "执行耗时: " . $time . " 秒";






