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php实现选课网页

2026-02-15 08:02:07PHP

实现选课网页的基本步骤

创建一个基于PHP的选课网页需要结合前端HTML/CSS、后端PHP以及数据库操作。以下是关键实现步骤：

数据库设计

创建数据库表存储课程和学生信息，例如：

courses表：包含课程ID、名称、教师、容量等字段
students表：学生基本信息
enrollments表：记录学生选课关系

SQL示例：

CREATE TABLE courses (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    teacher VARCHAR(50),
    capacity INT,
    current_enrollment INT DEFAULT 0
);

前端界面设计

使用HTML表单展示可选课程列表，包含选择按钮：

<form action="enroll.php" method="post">
    <h3>可选课程列表</h3>
    <table>
        <tr>
            <th>课程名称</th>
            <th>授课教师</th>
            <th>剩余名额</th>
            <th>操作</th>
        </tr>
        <?php foreach($courses as $course): ?>
        <tr>
            <td><?php echo $course['name']; ?></td>
            <td><?php echo $course['teacher']; ?></td>
            <td><?php echo $course['capacity'] - $course['current_enrollment']; ?></td>
            <td><input type="checkbox" name="selected_courses[]" value="<?php echo $course['id']; ?>"></td>
        </tr>
        <?php endforeach; ?>
    </table>
    <input type="submit" value="提交选课">
</form>

后端处理逻辑

创建enroll.php处理选课请求：

<?php
session_start();
require 'db_connect.php'; // 数据库连接文件

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {
    $student_id = $_SESSION['student_id']; // 假设学生已登录
    $selected_courses = $_POST['selected_courses'];

    foreach ($selected_courses as $course_id) {
        // 检查课程是否已满
        $check_sql = "SELECT capacity, current_enrollment FROM courses WHERE id = ?";
        $stmt = $conn->prepare($check_sql);
        $stmt->bind_param("i", $course_id);
        $stmt->execute();
        $result = $stmt->get_result();
        $course = $result->fetch_assoc();

        if ($course['current_enrollment'] < $course['capacity']) {
            // 插入选课记录
            $insert_sql = "INSERT INTO enrollments (student_id, course_id) VALUES (?, ?)";
            $stmt = $conn->prepare($insert_sql);
            $stmt->bind_param("ii", $student_id, $course_id);
            $stmt->execute();

            // 更新课程当前人数
            $update_sql = "UPDATE courses SET current_enrollment = current_enrollment + 1 WHERE id = ?";
            $stmt = $conn->prepare($update_sql);
            $stmt->bind_param("i", $course_id);
            $stmt->execute();
        }
    }

    header("Location: course_selection.php?status=success");
    exit();
}
?>