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php聊天实现

2026-02-14 23:46:38PHP

PHP 聊天实现方法

使用 WebSocket 实现实时聊天

WebSocket 是实现实时聊天的理想选择。PHP 可以通过 Ratchet 库来创建 WebSocket 服务器。

安装 Ratchet：

composer require cboden/ratchet

创建 WebSocket 服务器：

use Ratchet\Server\IoServer;
use Ratchet\Http\HttpServer;
use Ratchet\WebSocket\WsServer;
use MyApp\Chat;

require dirname(__DIR__) . '/vendor/autoload.php';

$server = IoServer::factory(
    new HttpServer(
        new WsServer(
            new Chat()
        )
    ),
    8080
);

$server->run();

创建 Chat 类处理消息：

namespace MyApp;

use Ratchet\MessageComponentInterface;
use Ratchet\ConnectionInterface;

class Chat implements MessageComponentInterface {
    protected $clients;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->clients = new \SplObjectStorage;
    }

    public function onOpen(ConnectionInterface $conn) {
        $this->clients->attach($conn);
    }

    public function onMessage(ConnectionInterface $from, $msg) {
        foreach ($this->clients as $client) {
            $client->send($msg);
        }
    }

    public function onClose(ConnectionInterface $conn) {
        $this->clients->detach($conn);
    }

    public function onError(ConnectionInterface $conn, \Exception $e) {
        $conn->close();
    }
}

前端连接 WebSocket：

const conn = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:8080');
conn.onmessage = e => console.log(e.data);
conn.send('Hello');

使用 AJAX 轮询实现简单聊天

对于简单的聊天应用，可以使用 AJAX 轮询方式。

后端消息处理：

// save_message.php
$message = $_POST['message'];
file_put_contents('chat.txt', $message.PHP_EOL, FILE_APPEND);

// get_messages.php
echo file_get_contents('chat.txt');

前端实现：

setInterval(() => {
    fetch('get_messages.php')
        .then(r => r.text())
        .then(messages => {
            document.getElementById('chat').innerHTML = messages;
        });
}, 1000);

document.getElementById('send').addEventListener('click', () => {
    const message = document.getElementById('message').value;
    fetch('save_message.php', {
        method: 'POST',
        body: new URLSearchParams({message})
    });
});

使用数据库存储聊天记录

对于需要持久化存储的聊天应用，可以使用数据库。

创建消息表：

CREATE TABLE messages (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    user_id INT,
    message TEXT,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

PHP 数据库操作：

// 保存消息
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=chat', 'user', 'pass');
$stmt = $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO messages (user_id, message) VALUES (?, ?)');
$stmt->execute([$_SESSION['user_id'], $_POST['message']]);

// 获取消息
$stmt = $pdo->query('SELECT * FROM messages ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 50');
$messages = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
echo json_encode($messages);

实现用户认证

为聊天系统添加用户认证功能。

登录处理：

session_start();

if ($_POST['username'] && $_POST['password']) {
    // 验证用户逻辑
    $_SESSION['user_id'] = $user['id'];
    $_SESSION['username'] = $user['username'];
}

检查登录状态：

session_start();
if (!isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) {
    header('Location: login.php');
    exit;
}

实现私聊功能

扩展数据库结构支持私聊：

ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN recipient_id INT NULL;

发送私聊消息：

$stmt = $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO messages (user_id, recipient_id, message) VALUES (?, ?, ?)');
$stmt->execute([$_SESSION['user_id'], $_POST['recipient_id'], $_POST['message']]);

获取私聊消息：

$stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM messages 
    WHERE (user_id = ? AND recipient_id = ?) 
    OR (user_id = ? AND recipient_id = ?)
    ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 50');
$stmt->execute([
    $_SESSION['user_id'], 
    $_GET['recipient_id'],
    $_GET['recipient_id'],
    $_SESSION['user_id']
]);

实现消息已读状态

添加已读标记字段：

ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN is_read BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE;

标记消息为已读：

$pdo->prepare('UPDATE messages SET is_read = TRUE 
    WHERE recipient_id = ? AND user_id = ? AND is_read = FALSE')
    ->execute([$_SESSION['user_id'], $_GET['sender_id']]);

获取未读消息数：

$stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM messages 
    WHERE recipient_id = ? AND is_read = FALSE');
$stmt->execute([$_SESSION['user_id']]);
$unread = $stmt->fetchColumn();

php聊天实现