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java 如何调用python

2026-02-05 12:55:31Java

调用Python的几种方法

在Java中调用Python脚本或代码可以通过多种方式实现，以下是几种常见的方法：

使用ProcessBuilder或Runtime.exec

通过Java的ProcessBuilder或Runtime.exec启动Python进程，直接运行Python脚本：

ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("python", "script.py", "arg1", "arg2");
Process process = pb.start();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    System.out.println(line);
}
int exitCode = process.waitFor();

使用Jython

Jython是一个将Python代码运行在JVM上的实现，可以直接在Java中调用Python代码：

PythonInterpreter interpreter = new PythonInterpreter();
interpreter.exec("print('Hello from Python')");

使用JPype

JPype允许Java代码调用Python库，需要先安装JPype库：

import org.jpype.*;
JPype.startJVM(JPype.getDefaultJVMPath());
JPype.exec("print('Hello from Python')");
JPype.shutdownJVM();

使用REST API

将Python代码封装为REST服务，Java通过HTTP调用：

HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
    .uri(URI.create("http://localhost:5000/api"))
    .build();
HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response.body());

使用Py4J

Py4J允许Java和Python互相调用，需要在Python端启动网关：

GatewayServer gatewayServer = new GatewayServer(new PythonEntryPoint());
gatewayServer.start();
PythonEntryPoint entryPoint = (PythonEntryPoint) gatewayServer.getPythonServerEntryPoint();
String result = entryPoint.callPythonMethod("arg1", "arg2");
gatewayServer.shutdown();