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js实现画笔

2026-02-02 12:04:22JavaScript

使用Canvas实现基础画笔功能

在HTML中创建Canvas元素并设置基本样式

<canvas id="drawingCanvas" width="800" height="600"></canvas>

获取Canvas上下文并初始化画笔参数

const canvas = document.getElementById('drawingCanvas');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
let isDrawing = false;
let brushSize = 5;
let brushColor = '#000000';

实现鼠标事件监听绘制路径

canvas.addEventListener('mousedown', startDrawing);
canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', draw);
canvas.addEventListener('mouseup', stopDrawing);
canvas.addEventListener('mouseout', stopDrawing);

function startDrawing(e) {
    isDrawing = true;
    draw(e);
}

function draw(e) {
    if (!isDrawing) return;

    ctx.lineWidth = brushSize;
    ctx.lineCap = 'round';
    ctx.strokeStyle = brushColor;

    ctx.lineTo(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
    ctx.stroke();
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
}

function stopDrawing() {
    isDrawing = false;
    ctx.beginPath();
}

添加画笔属性控制功能

实现画笔大小和颜色控制

document.getElementById('brushSize').addEventListener('change', function(e) {
    brushSize = e.target.value;
});

document.getElementById('colorPicker').addEventListener('input', function(e) {
    brushColor = e.target.value;
});

清除画布功能

document.getElementById('clearCanvas').addEventListener('click', function() {
    ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
});

实现触摸屏支持

添加触摸事件处理

canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', handleTouch);
canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', handleTouch);

function handleTouch(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    const touch = e.touches[0];
    const mouseEvent = {
        offsetX: touch.clientX - canvas.offsetLeft,
        offsetY: touch.clientY - canvas.offsetTop
    };

    if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
        startDrawing(mouseEvent);
    } else {
        draw(mouseEvent);
    }
}

保存绘制内容

实现画布保存为图片

document.getElementById('saveCanvas').addEventListener('click', function() {
    const dataURL = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
    const link = document.createElement('a');
    link.download = 'drawing.png';
    link.href = dataURL;
    link.click();
});

高级画笔功能实现

虚线画笔效果

function setDashedBrush() {
    ctx.setLineDash([5, 3]);
}

function setSolidBrush() {
    ctx.setLineDash([]);
}

压力敏感画笔（需支持压感设备）

canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', function(e) {
    if (e.pressure) {
        brushSize = e.pressure * 10;
    }
});

性能优化建议

使用requestAnimationFrame优化绘制

function drawOptimized(e) {
    if (!isDrawing) return;

    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
        ctx.lineWidth = brushSize;
        ctx.strokeStyle = brushColor;
        ctx.lineTo(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
        ctx.stroke();
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.moveTo(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
    });
}

实现绘制历史记录

const history = [];
let historyIndex = -1;

function saveState() {
    historyIndex++;
    if (historyIndex < history.length) {
        history.length = historyIndex;
    }
    history.push(canvas.toDataURL());
}

function undo() {
    if (historyIndex <= 0) return;
    historyIndex--;
    const img = new Image();
    img.onload = function() {
        ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
    };
    img.src = history[historyIndex];
}

js实现画笔