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js 实现画笔

2026-02-01 16:12:56JavaScript

使用 Canvas API 实现基础画笔

HTML 中创建 <canvas> 元素并设置宽高：

<canvas id="drawCanvas" width="800" height="600"></canvas>

JavaScript 初始化画布并监听鼠标事件：

const canvas = document.getElementById('drawCanvas');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
let isDrawing = false;

canvas.addEventListener('mousedown', startDrawing);
canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', draw);
canvas.addEventListener('mouseup', stopDrawing);
canvas.addEventListener('mouseout', stopDrawing);

function startDrawing(e) {
    isDrawing = true;
    draw(e); // 立即绘制一个点
}

function draw(e) {
    if (!isDrawing) return;

    ctx.lineWidth = 5;
    ctx.lineCap = 'round';
    ctx.strokeStyle = '#000000';

    ctx.lineTo(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
    ctx.stroke();
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
}

function stopDrawing() {
    isDrawing = false;
    ctx.beginPath(); // 重置路径
}

添加触摸屏支持

为移动设备添加触摸事件处理：

canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', handleTouch);
canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', handleTouch);

function handleTouch(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    const touch = e.touches[0];
    const mouseEvent = {
        offsetX: touch.clientX - canvas.offsetLeft,
        offsetY: touch.clientY - canvas.offsetTop
    };

    if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
        startDrawing(mouseEvent);
    } else {
        draw(mouseEvent);
    }
}

实现画笔属性控制

添加颜色和粗细控制：

<input type="color" id="colorPicker" value="#000000">
<input type="range" id="brushSize" min="1" max="50" value="5">

更新绘制逻辑：

function draw(e) {
    if (!isDrawing) return;

    ctx.lineWidth = document.getElementById('brushSize').value;
    ctx.strokeStyle = document.getElementById('colorPicker').value;

    ctx.lineTo(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
    ctx.stroke();
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
}

实现橡皮擦功能

添加橡皮擦切换按钮：

<button id="eraserBtn">橡皮擦</button>

JavaScript 切换逻辑：

let isEraser = false;
document.getElementById('eraserBtn').addEventListener('click', function() {
    isEraser = !isEraser;
    this.textContent = isEraser ? '画笔' : '橡皮擦';
});

function draw(e) {
    if (!isDrawing) return;

    ctx.lineWidth = isEraser ? 20 : document.getElementById('brushSize').value;
    ctx.strokeStyle = isEraser ? '#ffffff' : document.getElementById('colorPicker').value;

    ctx.lineTo(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
    ctx.stroke();
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
}

保存画布内容

添加保存功能按钮：

<button id="saveBtn">保存图片</button>

实现保存逻辑：

js 实现画笔

document.getElementById('saveBtn').addEventListener('click', function() {
    const link = document.createElement('a');
    link.download = 'drawing.png';
    link.href = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
    link.click();
});