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php实现教育开课

2026-01-30 06:07:19PHP

PHP实现教育开课系统

数据库设计

教育开课系统需要设计合理的数据库结构，通常包括课程表、教师表、学生表、开课记录表等。以下是一个基本的数据库表结构示例：

CREATE TABLE `courses` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `description` text,
  `credit` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

CREATE TABLE `teachers` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

CREATE TABLE `students` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

CREATE TABLE `course_offerings` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `course_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `teacher_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `start_date` date NOT NULL,
  `end_date` date NOT NULL,
  `max_students` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  FOREIGN KEY (`course_id`) REFERENCES `courses` (`id`),
  FOREIGN KEY (`teacher_id`) REFERENCES `teachers` (`id`)
);

开课功能实现

使用PHP实现开课功能，需要创建表单和处理逻辑。以下是一个简单的开课表单处理示例：

<?php
// 连接数据库
$db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=education', 'username', 'password');

// 处理表单提交
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
    $courseId = $_POST['course_id'];
    $teacherId = $_POST['teacher_id'];
    $startDate = $_POST['start_date'];
    $endDate = $_POST['end_date'];
    $maxStudents = $_POST['max_students'];

    $stmt = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO course_offerings (course_id, teacher_id, start_date, end_date, max_students) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)");
    $stmt->execute([$courseId, $teacherId, $startDate, $endDate, $maxStudents]);

    header('Location: offerings.php');
    exit;
}

// 获取课程和教师列表
$courses = $db->query("SELECT * FROM courses")->fetchAll();
$teachers = $db->query("SELECT * FROM teachers")->fetchAll();
?>

<form method="post">
    <label for="course_id">课程:</label>
    <select name="course_id" required>
        <?php foreach ($courses as $course): ?>
            <option value="<?= $course['id'] ?>"><?= htmlspecialchars($course['name']) ?></option>
        <?php endforeach ?>
    </select>

    <label for="teacher_id">教师:</label>
    <select name="teacher_id" required>
        <?php foreach ($teachers as $teacher): ?>
            <option value="<?= $teacher['id'] ?>"><?= htmlspecialchars($teacher['name']) ?></option>
        <?php endforeach ?>
    </select>

    <label for="start_date">开始日期:</label>
    <input type="date" name="start_date" required>

    <label for="end_date">结束日期:</label>
    <input type="date" name="end_date" required>

    <label for="max_students">最大学生数:</label>
    <input type="number" name="max_students">

    <button type="submit">开课</button>
</form>

课程管理页面

创建一个页面显示所有开课信息，并提供编辑和删除功能：

<?php
$db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=education', 'username', 'password');

// 获取所有开课信息
$offerings = $db->query("
    SELECT co.*, c.name as course_name, t.name as teacher_name 
    FROM course_offerings co
    JOIN courses c ON co.course_id = c.id
    JOIN teachers t ON co.teacher_id = t.id
")->fetchAll();
?>

<table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>课程</th>
            <th>教师</th>
            <th>开始日期</th>
            <th>结束日期</th>
            <th>最大学生数</th>
            <th>操作</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <?php foreach ($offerings as $offering): ?>
            <tr>
                <td><?= htmlspecialchars($offering['course_name']) ?></td>
                <td><?= htmlspecialchars($offering['teacher_name']) ?></td>
                <td><?= $offering['start_date'] ?></td>
                <td><?= $offering['end_date'] ?></td>
                <td><?= $offering['max_students'] ?></td>
                <td>
                    <a href="edit_offering.php?id=<?= $offering['id'] ?>">编辑</a>
                    <a href="delete_offering.php?id=<?= $offering['id'] ?>" onclick="return confirm('确定删除?')">删除</a>
                </td>
            </tr>
        <?php endforeach ?>
    </tbody>
</table>

安全性考虑

实现教育开课系统时需要注意安全性问题：

// 使用预处理语句防止SQL注入
$stmt = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO course_offerings (...) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)");
$stmt->execute([$param1, $param2, $param3, $param4, $param5]);

// 对输出进行转义
echo htmlspecialchars($userInput);

// 验证输入数据
if (!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
    die('无效的邮箱地址');
}