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php实现消息

2026-01-29 18:15:31PHP

PHP实现消息功能的方法

数据库设计

创建消息表存储消息数据，基本字段包括：

id：消息唯一标识
sender_id：发送者ID
receiver_id：接收者ID
content：消息内容
created_at：发送时间
status：消息状态（已读/未读）

CREATE TABLE messages (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    sender_id INT NOT NULL,
    receiver_id INT NOT NULL,
    content TEXT NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    status TINYINT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '0未读 1已读'
);

发送消息功能

使用PHP处理表单提交并将消息存入数据库：

<?php
// 连接数据库
$db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'username', 'password');

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
    $senderId = $_POST['sender_id'];
    $receiverId = $_POST['receiver_id'];
    $content = htmlspecialchars($_POST['content']);

    $stmt = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO messages (sender_id, receiver_id, content) VALUES (?, ?, ?)");
    $stmt->execute([$senderId, $receiverId, $content]);

    echo "消息发送成功";
}
?>

接收消息功能

查询特定用户的未读消息：

<?php
$userId = $_GET['user_id']; // 当前用户ID
$stmt = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM messages WHERE receiver_id = ? AND status = 0 ORDER BY created_at DESC");
$stmt->execute([$userId]);
$messages = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

foreach ($messages as $message) {
    echo "<div class='message'>";
    echo "<p>" . htmlspecialchars($message['content']) . "</p>";
    echo "<small>" . $message['created_at'] . "</small>";
    echo "</div>";

    // 标记为已读
    $update = $db->prepare("UPDATE messages SET status = 1 WHERE id = ?");
    $update->execute([$message['id']]);
}
?>

实时消息推送

使用WebSocket或长轮询实现实时消息通知：

// 长轮询示例
while (true) {
    $stmt = $db->prepare("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM messages WHERE receiver_id = ? AND status = 0");
    $stmt->execute([$userId]);
    $count = $stmt->fetchColumn();

    if ($count > 0) {
        echo json_encode(['has_new' => true]);
        break;
    }

    sleep(1); // 每秒检查一次
}

消息队列处理

对于高并发场景，可以使用Redis队列：

// 发送消息时存入Redis队列
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
$redis->rPush('message_queue', json_encode([
    'sender_id' => $senderId,
    'receiver_id' => $receiverId,
    'content' => $content
]));