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react实现组件拖动

2026-01-27 08:17:22React

React 实现组件拖动的方法

使用 react-dnd 库

react-dnd 是一个流行的拖放库，适合复杂场景。安装命令：

npm install react-dnd react-dnd-html5-backend

基础实现示例：

import { useDrag, useDrop } from 'react-dnd';

const DraggableItem = ({ id, text }) => {
  const [{ isDragging }, drag] = useDrag(() => ({
    type: 'ITEM',
    item: { id },
    collect: (monitor) => ({
      isDragging: !!monitor.isDragging(),
    }),
  }));

  return (
    <div ref={drag} style={{ opacity: isDragging ? 0.5 : 1 }}>
      {text}
    </div>
  );
};

const DropZone = ({ onDrop }) => {
  const [{ isOver }, drop] = useDrop(() => ({
    accept: 'ITEM',
    drop: (item) => onDrop(item.id),
    collect: (monitor) => ({
      isOver: !!monitor.isOver(),
    }),
  }));

  return <div ref={drop} style={{ background: isOver ? 'lightgray' : 'white' }} />;
};

使用 react-beautiful-dnd 库

适合列表重排序场景，安装命令：

npm install react-beautiful-dnd

垂直列表拖动示例：

import { DragDropContext, Droppable, Draggable } from 'react-beautiful-dnd';

function App() {
  const [items, setItems] = useState([...]);

  const onDragEnd = (result) => {
    if (!result.destination) return;
    const newItems = Array.from(items);
    const [removed] = newItems.splice(result.source.index, 1);
    newItems.splice(result.destination.index, 0, removed);
    setItems(newItems);
  };

  return (
    <DragDropContext onDragEnd={onDragEnd}>
      <Droppable droppableId="droppable">
        {(provided) => (
          <div {...provided.droppableProps} ref={provided.innerRef}>
            {items.map((item, index) => (
              <Draggable key={item.id} draggableId={item.id} index={index}>
                {(provided) => (
                  <div
                    ref={provided.innerRef}
                    {...provided.draggableProps}
                    {...provided.dragHandleProps}
                  >
                    {item.content}
                  </div>
                )}
              </Draggable>
            ))}
            {provided.placeholder}
          </div>
        )}
      </Droppable>
    </DragDropContext>
  );
}

原生实现方案

通过 HTML5 Drag and Drop API 结合 React 状态管理实现：

function DraggableComponent() {
  const [position, setPosition] = useState({ x: 0, y: 0 });
  const [isDragging, setIsDragging] = useState(false);

  const handleDragStart = (e) => {
    setIsDragging(true);
    e.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', '');
  };

  const handleDragEnd = (e) => {
    setIsDragging(false);
    setPosition({
      x: e.clientX,
      y: e.clientY
    });
  };

  return (
    <div
      draggable
      onDragStart={handleDragStart}
      onDragEnd={handleDragEnd}
      style={{
        position: 'absolute',
        left: position.x,
        top: position.y,
        opacity: isDragging ? 0.5 : 1
      }}
    >
      可拖动元素
    </div>
  );
}