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react如何在父组件直接调用

2026-01-26 02:15:34React

在 React 中，父组件直接调用子组件的方法可以通过以下方式实现：

使用 `useImperativeHandle` 和 `forwardRef`

通过 forwardRef 将子组件的引用传递给父组件，并在子组件中使用 useImperativeHandle 暴露特定的方法。

import React, { forwardRef, useImperativeHandle } from 'react';

const ChildComponent = forwardRef((props, ref) => {
  const childMethod = () => {
    console.log('Child method called');
  };

  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
    childMethod
  }));

  return <div>Child Component</div>;
});

const ParentComponent = () => {
  const childRef = React.useRef();

  const handleClick = () => {
    childRef.current.childMethod();
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <ChildComponent ref={childRef} />
      <button onClick={handleClick}>Call Child Method</button>
    </div>
  );
};

使用回调函数

通过 props 将父组件的回调函数传递给子组件，子组件在适当时机调用该回调。

const ChildComponent = ({ onChildMethod }) => {
  const handleClick = () => {
    onChildMethod();
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={handleClick}>Trigger Parent Callback</button>
    </div>
  );
};

const ParentComponent = () => {
  const handleChildMethod = () => {
    console.log('Parent called child method');
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <ChildComponent onChildMethod={handleChildMethod} />
    </div>
  );
};

使用状态管理工具

通过 Redux 或 Context API 共享状态和方法，父组件可以间接调用子组件的方法。

import React, { createContext, useContext } from 'react';

const ChildContext = createContext();

const ChildComponent = () => {
  const { callChildMethod } = useContext(ChildContext);

  const childMethod = () => {
    console.log('Child method called via context');
  };

  React.useEffect(() => {
    callChildMethod.current = childMethod;
  }, []);

  return <div>Child Component</div>;
};

const ParentComponent = () => {
  const callChildMethod = React.useRef();

  const handleClick = () => {
    if (callChildMethod.current) {
      callChildMethod.current();
    }
  };

  return (
    <ChildContext.Provider value={{ callChildMethod }}>
      <ChildComponent />
      <button onClick={handleClick}>Call Child Method</button>
    </ChildContext.Provider>
  );
};