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js rsa 实现

2026-03-15 00:48:45JavaScript

RSA 加密算法实现

RSA 是一种非对称加密算法，常用于数据加密和数字签名。以下是使用 JavaScript 实现 RSA 加密和解密的步骤。

生成密钥对

使用 crypto 模块生成 RSA 密钥对（适用于 Node.js 环境）：

js rsa 实现

const crypto = require('crypto');

const { publicKey, privateKey } = crypto.generateKeyPairSync('rsa', {
  modulusLength: 2048,
  publicKeyEncoding: {
    type: 'spki',
    format: 'pem'
  },
  privateKeyEncoding: {
    type: 'pkcs8',
    format: 'pem'
  }
});

console.log('Public Key:', publicKey);
console.log('Private Key:', privateKey);

加密数据

使用公钥加密数据：

js rsa 实现

function encryptWithPublicKey(publicKey, data) {
  const bufferData = Buffer.from(data, 'utf8');
  const encrypted = crypto.publicEncrypt(
    {
      key: publicKey,
      padding: crypto.constants.RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING,
      oaepHash: 'sha256'
    },
    bufferData
  );
  return encrypted.toString('base64');
}

const encryptedData = encryptWithPublicKey(publicKey, 'Hello, RSA!');
console.log('Encrypted Data:', encryptedData);

解密数据

使用私钥解密数据：

function decryptWithPrivateKey(privateKey, encryptedData) {
  const bufferEncrypted = Buffer.from(encryptedData, 'base64');
  const decrypted = crypto.privateDecrypt(
    {
      key: privateKey,
      padding: crypto.constants.RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING,
      oaepHash: 'sha256'
    },
    bufferEncrypted
  );
  return decrypted.toString('utf8');
}

const decryptedData = decryptWithPrivateKey(privateKey, encryptedData);
console.log('Decrypted Data:', decryptedData);

浏览器端实现

在浏览器中可以使用 SubtleCrypto API 实现 RSA 加密：

async function generateKeyPair() {
  const keyPair = await window.crypto.subtle.generateKey(
    {
      name: 'RSA-OAEP',
      modulusLength: 2048,
      publicExponent: new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x00, 0x01]),
      hash: 'SHA-256'
    },
    true,
    ['encrypt', 'decrypt']
  );
  return keyPair;
}

async function encryptData(publicKey, data) {
  const encoded = new TextEncoder().encode(data);
  const encrypted = await window.crypto.subtle.encrypt(
    {
      name: 'RSA-OAEP'
    },
    publicKey,
    encoded
  );
  return btoa(String.fromCharCode(...new Uint8Array(encrypted)));
}

async function decryptData(privateKey, encryptedData) {
  const buffer = Uint8Array.from(atob(encryptedData), c => c.charCodeAt(0));
  const decrypted = await window.crypto.subtle.decrypt(
    {
      name: 'RSA-OAEP'
    },
    privateKey,
    buffer
  );
  return new TextDecoder().decode(decrypted);
}

// 使用示例
(async () => {
  const keyPair = await generateKeyPair();
  const encrypted = await encryptData(keyPair.publicKey, 'Hello, RSA!');
  const decrypted = await decryptData(keyPair.privateKey, encrypted);
  console.log('Decrypted:', decrypted);
})();