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php实现容器

2026-03-12 22:16:53PHP

PHP 实现容器的方法

在 PHP 中，容器通常用于依赖注入（DI）和管理对象生命周期。以下是几种常见的实现方式：

使用 PSR-11 兼容容器

PHP-FIG 的 PSR-11 标准定义了容器接口，可以通过实现 Psr\Container\ContainerInterface 来创建标准容器：

use Psr\Container\ContainerInterface;

class Container implements ContainerInterface {
    private $services = [];

    public function get($id) {
        if (!$this->has($id)) {
            throw new NotFoundException("Service not found: {$id}");
        }
        return $this->services[$id];
    }

    public function has($id) {
        return isset($this->services[$id]);
    }

    public function set($id, $service) {
        $this->services[$id] = $service;
    }
}

依赖注入容器实现

更高级的容器可以支持自动依赖解析：

class DIContainer {
    private $definitions = [];
    private $instances = [];

    public function set($id, $definition) {
        $this->definitions[$id] = $definition;
    }

    public function get($id) {
        if (isset($this->instances[$id])) {
            return $this->instances[$id];
        }

        if (!isset($this->definitions[$id])) {
            throw new Exception("Service not defined: {$id}");
        }

        $definition = $this->definitions[$id];
        $instance = $this->resolve($definition);
        $this->instances[$id] = $instance;

        return $instance;
    }

    protected function resolve($definition) {
        if (is_callable($definition)) {
            return $definition($this);
        }

        if (is_string($definition) && class_exists($definition)) {
            $reflection = new ReflectionClass($definition);
            $constructor = $reflection->getConstructor();

            if (!$constructor) {
                return new $definition();
            }

            $parameters = $constructor->getParameters();
            $dependencies = [];

            foreach ($parameters as $parameter) {
                $type = $parameter->getType();
                if ($type && !$type->isBuiltin()) {
                    $dependencies[] = $this->get($type->getName());
                } else {
                    throw new Exception("Cannot resolve parameter: {$parameter->getName()}");
                }
            }

            return $reflection->newInstanceArgs($dependencies);
        }

        return $definition;
    }
}

使用现有容器库

PHP 生态系统中有多个成熟的容器实现：

PHP-DI: 功能丰富的依赖注入容器
```
$container = new DI\Container();
```

Symfony DependencyInjection: Symfony 框架的组件

$container = new Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerBuilder();

Laravel 容器: Laravel 框架的核心组件

$container = new Illuminate\Container\Container();

容器配置示例

典型的容器配置和使用方式：

$container = new DIContainer();

// 注册服务
$container->set('database', function($c) {
    return new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'user', 'pass');
});

$container->set('user_repository', 'App\Repositories\UserRepository');

// 获取服务
$db = $container->get('database');
$userRepo = $container->get('user_repository');