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php 实现sku

2026-02-28 07:41:45PHP

PHP实现SKU系统的方法

SKU（Stock Keeping Unit）是库存管理中的最小单元，通常由商品属性组合生成唯一标识。以下是PHP实现SKU的常见方法：

生成SKU编码

使用商品属性组合生成唯一SKU。假设商品有颜色、尺寸两个属性：

function generateSku($productId, $color, $size) {
    $prefix = 'ITEM'; // 可选前缀
    $colorCode = strtoupper(substr($color, 0, 2));
    $sizeCode = str_pad($size, 2, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
    return $prefix . '-' . $productId . '-' . $colorCode . $sizeCode;
}

数据库设计

典型SKU相关表结构设计：

CREATE TABLE products (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(255),
    description TEXT
);

CREATE TABLE product_attributes (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    product_id INT,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES products(id)
);

CREATE TABLE skus (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    product_id INT,
    sku_code VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE,
    price DECIMAL(10,2),
    stock INT,
    FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES products(id)
);

CREATE TABLE sku_attribute_values (
    sku_id INT,
    attribute_id INT,
    value VARCHAR(100),
    PRIMARY KEY (sku_id, attribute_id),
    FOREIGN KEY (sku_id) REFERENCES skus(id),
    FOREIGN KEY (attribute_id) REFERENCES product_attributes(id)
);

处理多属性组合

动态生成所有可能的SKU组合：

function generateAllSkus($productId, $attributes) {
    $combinations = [[]];

    foreach ($attributes as $attribute => $values) {
        $temp = [];
        foreach ($combinations as $combination) {
            foreach ($values as $value) {
                $temp[] = $combination + [$attribute => $value];
            }
        }
        $combinations = $temp;
    }

    $skus = [];
    foreach ($combinations as $combination) {
        $skuParts = [];
        foreach ($combination as $attr => $value) {
            $skuParts[] = substr($attr, 0, 1) . substr($value, 0, 2);
        }
        $skus[] = [
            'code' => 'PROD' . $productId . '-' . implode('', $skuParts),
            'attributes' => $combination
        ];
    }

    return $skus;
}

SKU查询与验证

检查SKU唯一性并查询：

function isSkuUnique($skuCode, $excludeId = null) {
    $query = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM skus WHERE sku_code = :sku";
    $params = [':sku' => $skuCode];

    if ($excludeId) {
        $query .= " AND id != :id";
        $params[':id'] = $excludeId;
    }

    $stmt = $pdo->prepare($query);
    $stmt->execute($params);
    return $stmt->fetchColumn() == 0;
}

function getSkuByAttributes($productId, $attributes) {
    // 实现根据属性组合查询SKU的逻辑
}

实际应用示例

电商系统中的SKU应用：

// 添加新产品SKU
function addProductSku($productId, $skuData, $attributes) {
    if (!isSkuUnique($skuData['code'])) {
        throw new Exception('SKU已存在');
    }

    $pdo->beginTransaction();
    try {
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO skus (product_id, sku_code, price, stock) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)");
        $stmt->execute([$productId, $skuData['code'], $skuData['price'], $skuData['stock']]);
        $skuId = $pdo->lastInsertId();

        foreach ($attributes as $attrId => $value) {
            $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO sku_attribute_values (sku_id, attribute_id, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?)");
            $stmt->execute([$skuId, $attrId, $value]);
        }

        $pdo->commit();
        return $skuId;
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        $pdo->rollBack();
        throw $e;
    }
}