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php 实现投票功能

2026-02-15 06:18:54PHP

实现投票功能的基本步骤

数据库设计
创建数据表存储投票选项和投票记录。常见的表结构包括：

polls 表：存储投票主题（id, title, description, created_at）
poll_options 表：存储选项（id, poll_id, option_text, vote_count）
poll_votes 表：记录用户投票（id, poll_id, option_id, user_id, voted_at）

SQL 示例

CREATE TABLE polls (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    description TEXT,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

CREATE TABLE poll_options (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    poll_id INT NOT NULL,
    option_text VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    vote_count INT DEFAULT 0,
    FOREIGN KEY (poll_id) REFERENCES polls(id)
);

CREATE TABLE poll_votes (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    poll_id INT NOT NULL,
    option_id INT NOT NULL,
    user_id INT,
    voted_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    FOREIGN KEY (poll_id) REFERENCES polls(id),
    FOREIGN KEY (option_id) REFERENCES poll_options(id)
);

前端表单提交

创建投票表单，用户可选择选项并提交：

<form action="vote.php" method="post">
    <h3><?php echo htmlspecialchars($poll_title); ?></h3>
    <?php foreach ($options as $option): ?>
        <label>
            <input type="radio" name="option_id" value="<?php echo $option['id']; ?>">
            <?php echo htmlspecialchars($option['option_text']); ?>
        </label><br>
    <?php endforeach; ?>
    <button type="submit">投票</button>
</form>

后端处理逻辑

在 vote.php 中处理投票请求：

<?php
session_start();
require 'db_connection.php'; // 数据库连接文件

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST' && isset($_POST['option_id'])) {
    $option_id = intval($_POST['option_id']);
    $user_id = isset($_SESSION['user_id']) ? $_SESSION['user_id'] : null;

    // 检查用户是否已投票（如需限制）
    if ($user_id) {
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT id FROM poll_votes WHERE poll_id = (SELECT poll_id FROM poll_options WHERE id = ?) AND user_id = ?");
        $stmt->execute([$option_id, $user_id]);
        if ($stmt->fetch()) {
            die("您已参与过本次投票");
        }
    }

    // 更新投票数
    $pdo->beginTransaction();
    try {
        $pdo->prepare("UPDATE poll_options SET vote_count = vote_count + 1 WHERE id = ?")->execute([$option_id]);
        $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO poll_votes (poll_id, option_id, user_id) VALUES ((SELECT poll_id FROM poll_options WHERE id = ?), ?, ?)")
            ->execute([$option_id, $option_id, $user_id]);
        $pdo->commit();
        header("Location: results.php?poll_id=" . $pdo->lastInsertId());
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        $pdo->rollBack();
        die("投票失败: " . $e->getMessage());
    }
}
?>

结果显示页面

在 results.php 中展示投票结果：

php 实现投票功能

<?php
$poll_id = intval($_GET['poll_id']);
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT title FROM polls WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->execute([$poll_id]);
$poll = $stmt->fetch();

$options = $pdo->query("SELECT option_text, vote_count FROM poll_options WHERE poll_id = $poll_id")->fetchAll();
$total_votes = array_sum(array_column($options, 'vote_count'));
?>

<h3><?php echo htmlspecialchars($poll['title']); ?></h3>
<ul>
    <?php foreach ($options as $option): ?>
        <li>
            <?php echo htmlspecialchars($option['option_text']); ?>:
            <?php echo $option['vote_count']; ?> 票
            (<?php echo $total_votes > 0 ? round($option['vote_count'] / $total_votes * 100, 2) : 0; ?>%)
        </li>
    <?php endforeach; ?>
</ul>