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php实现选课

2026-02-14 17:36:34PHP

PHP实现选课系统的基本方法

创建一个基于PHP的选课系统需要结合数据库操作、用户验证和前端交互。以下是关键实现步骤：

数据库设计 创建必要的数据库表，例如：

php实现选课

students（学生信息）
courses（课程信息）
enrollments（选课记录）

CREATE TABLE students (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE,
    password VARCHAR(255)
);

CREATE TABLE courses (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    teacher VARCHAR(100),
    credit INT,
    capacity INT
);

CREATE TABLE enrollments (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    student_id INT,
    course_id INT,
    enrollment_date DATETIME,
    FOREIGN KEY (student_id) REFERENCES students(id),
    FOREIGN KEY (course_id) REFERENCES courses(id)
);

用户认证系统 实现学生登录功能，使用PHP的session机制：

session_start();

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {
    $email = $_POST['email'];
    $password = $_POST['password'];

    // 验证用户
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM students WHERE email = ?");
    $stmt->execute([$email]);
    $user = $stmt->fetch();

    if ($user && password_verify($password, $user['password'])) {
        $_SESSION['user_id'] = $user['id'];
        header("Location: dashboard.php");
    }
}

课程列表展示 从数据库获取课程信息并显示：

php实现选课

$stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT * FROM courses");
$courses = $stmt->fetchAll();

foreach ($courses as $course) {
    echo "<div class='course'>";
    echo "<h3>{$course['name']}</h3>";
    echo "<p>教师: {$course['teacher']}</p>";
    echo "<p>学分: {$course['credit']}</p>";
    echo "<a href='enroll.php?course_id={$course['id']}'>选课</a>";
    echo "</div>";
}

选课功能实现 处理选课请求并更新数据库：

if (isset($_GET['course_id']) && isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) {
    $courseId = $_GET['course_id'];
    $studentId = $_SESSION['user_id'];

    // 检查是否已选
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM enrollments WHERE student_id = ? AND course_id = ?");
    $stmt->execute([$studentId, $courseId]);

    if ($stmt->rowCount() == 0) {
        // 检查课程容量
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM enrollments WHERE course_id = ?");
        $stmt->execute([$courseId]);
        $enrolled = $stmt->fetchColumn();

        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT capacity FROM courses WHERE id = ?");
        $stmt->execute([$courseId]);
        $capacity = $stmt->fetchColumn();

        if ($enrolled < $capacity) {
            // 添加选课记录
            $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO enrollments (student_id, course_id, enrollment_date) VALUES (?, ?, NOW())");
            $stmt->execute([$studentId, $courseId]);
            echo "选课成功";
        } else {
            echo "课程已满";
        }
    } else {
        echo "已选该课程";
    }
}

选课结果查询 显示学生已选课程：

$stmt = $pdo->prepare("
    SELECT c.* FROM courses c
    JOIN enrollments e ON c.id = e.course_id
    WHERE e.student_id = ?
");
$stmt->execute([$_SESSION['user_id']]);
$enrolledCourses = $stmt->fetchAll();

foreach ($enrolledCourses as $course) {
    echo "<div>{$course['name']} - {$course['teacher']}</div>";
}