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js实现加密

2026-02-01 12:37:51JavaScript

使用 Web Crypto API 进行加密

Web Crypto API 是现代浏览器提供的原生加密接口，支持 AES、RSA、SHA 等算法。以下示例展示如何使用 AES-GCM 加密数据：

async function encryptAES(text, password) {
  const encoder = new TextEncoder();
  const data = encoder.encode(text);

  const salt = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16));
  const keyMaterial = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
    'raw',
    encoder.encode(password),
    { name: 'PBKDF2' },
    false,
    ['deriveKey']
  );

  const key = await crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
    {
      name: 'PBKDF2',
      salt: salt,
      iterations: 100000,
      hash: 'SHA-256'
    },
    keyMaterial,
    { name: 'AES-GCM', length: 256 },
    false,
    ['encrypt']
  );

  const iv = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12));
  const encrypted = await crypto.subtle.encrypt(
    { name: 'AES-GCM', iv: iv },
    key,
    data
  );

  return {
    ciphertext: Array.from(new Uint8Array(encrypted)),
    iv: Array.from(iv),
    salt: Array.from(salt)
  };
}

使用 SJCL 库加密

Stanford JavaScript Crypto Library (SJCL) 是轻量级加密库，适合需要兼容旧浏览器的场景：

// 引入 SJCL 库后
function encryptWithSJCL(plaintext, password) {
  const ciphertext = sjcl.encrypt(password, plaintext, {
    iter: 10000,
    ks: 256,
    ts: 128,
    mode: 'gcm'
  });
  return ciphertext;
}

RSA 非对称加密实现

使用 Web Crypto API 生成密钥对并加密：

async function generateRSAKeys() {
  const keyPair = await crypto.subtle.generateKey(
    {
      name: 'RSA-OAEP',
      modulusLength: 2048,
      publicExponent: new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x00, 0x01]),
      hash: 'SHA-256'
    },
    true,
    ['encrypt', 'decrypt']
  );

  return {
    publicKey: await crypto.subtle.exportKey('jwk', keyPair.publicKey),
    privateKey: await crypto.subtle.exportKey('jwk', keyPair.privateKey)
  };
}

async function rsaEncrypt(publicKey, data) {
  const key = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
    'jwk',
    publicKey,
    { name: 'RSA-OAEP', hash: 'SHA-256' },
    false,
    ['encrypt']
  );

  const encrypted = await crypto.subtle.encrypt(
    { name: 'RSA-OAEP' },
    key,
    new TextEncoder().encode(data)
  );

  return Array.from(new Uint8Array(encrypted));
}

哈希函数示例

使用 SHA-256 生成消息摘要：

async function hashSHA256(message) {
  const msgBuffer = new TextEncoder().encode(message);
  const hashBuffer = await crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', msgBuffer);
  const hashArray = Array.from(new Uint8Array(hashBuffer));
  return hashArray.map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join('');
}