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js retry 实现

2026-01-31 18:35:44JavaScript

实现 JavaScript 重试机制的方法

方法一：基于 Promise 和递归的简单重试

function retry(fn, maxRetries, delay) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const attempt = (retryCount) => {
      fn()
        .then(resolve)
        .catch((error) => {
          if (retryCount >= maxRetries) {
            reject(error);
            return;
          }
          setTimeout(() => attempt(retryCount + 1), delay);
        });
    };
    attempt(0);
  });
}

方法二：支持指数退避的重试策略

function retryWithBackoff(fn, maxRetries, initialDelay) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const attempt = (retryCount) => {
      fn()
        .then(resolve)
        .catch((error) => {
          if (retryCount >= maxRetries) {
            reject(error);
            return;
          }
          const delay = initialDelay * Math.pow(2, retryCount);
          setTimeout(() => attempt(retryCount + 1), delay);
        });
    };
    attempt(0);
  });
}

方法三：支持自定义条件判断的重试

function retryWithCondition(fn, maxRetries, shouldRetry) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const attempt = (retryCount) => {
      fn()
        .then(resolve)
        .catch((error) => {
          if (retryCount >= maxRetries || !shouldRetry(error)) {
            reject(error);
            return;
          }
          setTimeout(() => attempt(retryCount + 1), 0);
        });
    };
    attempt(0);
  });
}

方法四：使用 async/await 语法实现

async function asyncRetry(fn, maxRetries, delay) {
  let lastError;
  for (let i = 0; i < maxRetries; i++) {
    try {
      return await fn();
    } catch (error) {
      lastError = error;
      if (delay > 0) {
        await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, delay));
      }
    }
  }
  throw lastError;
}

方法五：封装为可配置的重试工具函数

js retry 实现

function createRetry(options = {}) {
  const {
    maxRetries = 3,
    delay = 1000,
    backoffFactor = 1,
    shouldRetry = () => true
  } = options;

  return async function retry(fn) {
    let lastError;
    for (let i = 0; i < maxRetries; i++) {
      try {
        return await fn();
      } catch (error) {
        lastError = error;
        if (i === maxRetries - 1 || !shouldRetry(error)) {
          throw lastError;
        }
        const currentDelay = delay * Math.pow(backoffFactor, i);
        await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, currentDelay));
      }
    }
  };
}

使用示例

// 示例1: 基本使用
retry(() => fetch('https://api.example.com/data'), 3, 1000)
  .then(console.log)
  .catch(console.error);

// 示例2: 使用指数退避
retryWithBackoff(() => someAsyncOperation(), 5, 1000)
  .then(console.log)
  .catch(console.error);

// 示例3: 使用条件判断
retryWithCondition(
  () => axios.get('/api'),
  3,
  (error) => error.response?.status === 429
);

// 示例4: 使用配置化的重试函数
const customRetry = createRetry({
  maxRetries: 5,
  delay: 500,
  backoffFactor: 2,
  shouldRetry: (error) => error.code !== 'PERMANENT_ERROR'
});

customRetry(() => callExternalService())
  .then(console.log)
  .catch(console.error);